Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe honua, ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā huahana aila, a me ka piʻi mau ʻana o ka noi no nā mea kemika, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts e ulu mau ana.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ulu wikiwiki loa i nā ʻoihana hou a me nā ʻāina ulu.
Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā mea maka, nā huahana a me nā hale hana o kēlā me kēia refinery, no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts i manaʻo ʻia e kiʻi i ka huahana kūpono a i ʻole nā mea waiwai kemika, ke koho ʻana o nā catalysts me ka adaptability maikaʻi a i ʻole ke koho koho hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o nā refineries like ʻole a nā mea like ʻole.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma Asia Pacific, Africa a me ka Middle East, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā catalysts āpau, me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, polymerization, chemical synthesis, etc.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hydrogenation ʻaila ka mea nui loa, ukali ʻia e ka hydrogenation distillate waena, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, naphtha hydrogenation, ʻaila kaumaha (koe aila) hydrogenation, alkylation (superposition), reforming, etc., a me nā mea e pili ana. E piʻi pū ka noi catalyst e like me ia.
Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa hoʻohana ʻokoʻa o nā catalysts hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o nā catalysts hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki.Wahi a nā helu kūʻai kūʻai mākeke, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku he hydrogenation catalysts (hydrotreating and hydrocracking, helu no 46% o ka huina), ukali ʻia e FCC catalysts (40%), ukali ʻia e ka reforming catalysts (8%), alkylation catalysts (5%). a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (1%).
Eia nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā catalysts mai nā ʻoihana kaulana honua:
10 mau hui catalyst kaulana i ka honua
1. Grace Davison, USA
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Grace Corporation i ka makahiki 1854 a aia ʻo ia ma Columbia, Maryland.ʻO Grace Davidson ke alakaʻi honua i ka noiʻi a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe FCC a ʻo ia ka mea hoʻolako nui loa o ka honua i ka FCC a me ka hydrogenation catalysts.
Loaʻa i ka hui ʻelua mau ʻāpana hana ʻoihana honua, ʻo Grace Davison a me Grace Specialty Chemicals, a me ʻewalu mau māhele huahana.ʻO ka ʻoihana a Grace Davidson e pili ana i ka FCC catalysts, hydrotreating catalysts, speciality catalysts me nā polyolefin catalysts a me nā mea lawe catalyst, a me nā mea hana ʻenekinia ma muli o ke silika a i ʻole silical-aluminum-based no ka uhi ʻana i ka media kikohoʻe ma nā pepa paʻi ʻenehana, mea kūʻai, a me ka inkjet.Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana hydrotreating catalyst e ART, kahi hui ʻoihana hui.
2, Albemarle ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ALbemarle).
I ka makahiki 1887, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Arbel Paper Company ma Richmond, Virginia.
I ka makahiki 2004, ua loaʻa ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo Akzo-Nobel Oil, ua komo ma ke kahua o nā catalysts hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, a ua hoʻokumu i ka ʻoihana catalyst me nā polyolefin catalysts;E lilo i ka lua o ka nui loa o ka FCC catalyst mea hana ma ka honua.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu hana 20 ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa, Middle East, ʻAmelika Hema, Iapana a me Kina.
Loaʻa iā Arpels 8 mau kikowaena R&D ma 5 mau ʻāina a me nā keʻena kūʻai aku ma mua o 40 mau ʻāina.ʻO ia ka mea hana nui loa o ka honua i nā brominated flame retardants, e uhi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea uila, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā huahana mahiʻai, nā ʻoihana kaʻa, ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā mea hoʻopili.
ʻO ka ʻoihana nui nā mea hoʻohui polymer, catalysts a me ke kemika maikaʻi ʻekolu ʻāpana.
ʻEhā ʻano nui o nā mea hoʻohui polymer: nā mea pale ahi, antioxidants, curing agents a me stabilizers;
ʻEkolu ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana Catalyst: hoʻomaʻemaʻe catalyst, polyolefin catalyst, chemical catalyst;
ʻO nā kinikini maikaʻi loa: nā kemika hana (pena, alumina), nā kemika maikaʻi (nā kemika bromine, nā kemika ʻaila) a me nā mea waena (lāʻau lapaʻau, pesticides).
Ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻoihana ʻekolu o ka hui ʻo Alpels, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai makahiki o nā mea hoʻohui polymer i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui loa, ukali ʻia e nā catalysts, a ʻo ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai aku o nā kinikona maikaʻi ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, akā i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai makahiki o ka catalyst. Ua piʻi mālie ka ʻoihana, a mai ka makahiki 2008, ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka ʻoihana hoʻohui polymer.
ʻO ka ʻoihana Catalyst ka māhele ʻoihana nui o Arpell.ʻO Arpels ka lua o ka mea hoʻolako hydrotreating catalysts (30% o ka māhele mākeke honua) a ʻo kekahi o nā mea hoʻolako catalytic cracking catalyst kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua.
3. Dow Chemical
ʻO Dow Chemical kahi hui kemika like ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Michigan, USA, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1897 e Herbert Henry Dow.Hoʻohana ʻo ia i 214 mau kahua hana ma 37 mau ʻāina, me nā ʻano huahana ʻoi aku ma mua o 5,000, hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā kahua ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 e like me nā kaʻa, nā mea kūkulu hale, ka uila, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.Ma 2009, ua helu ʻo Dow i ka 127th ma ka Fortune Global 500 a me 34th ma ka Fortune National 500. Ma ke ʻano o ka nui o nā waiwai, ʻo ia ka lua o ka hui kemika nui loa ma ka honua, ʻelua wale nō iā DuPont Chemical o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa;Ma ke ʻano o ka loaʻa kālā makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lua o ka hui kemika nui loa ma ka honua, ma hope o ka BASF o Kelemania;ʻOi aku ma mua o 46,000 mau limahana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa;Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i 7 mau ʻāpana ʻoihana e ke ʻano huahana: Functional Plastics, Functional Chemical, Agricultural Science, Plastics, Basic Chemicals, Hydrocarbons and Energy, Venture Capital.ʻO ka ʻoihana Catalysts kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana Functional Chemicals.
Aia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a Dow: NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst;METEOR™ catalyst no ka ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol;SHAC™ a me SHAC™ ADT polypropylene catalysts;DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol He mea hoʻoheheʻe;ʻO ia ka mea hana nui o ka honua i nā polypropylene catalysts.
4. ExxonMobil
ʻO Exxonmobil ka hui aila nui loa ma ka honua, aia ma Texas, USA.ʻO ka hui, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo Exxon Corporation a me Mobil Corporation, ua hoʻohui ʻia a hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia ma Nowemapa 30, 1999. ʻO ka hui ʻo ia ka hui makua o ExxonMobil, Mobil a me Esso ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1882, ʻo Exxon ka hui ʻaila nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻoihana ʻaila nui a kahiko loa ma ka honua.Hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1882, ʻo Mobil Corporation kahi hui multinational piha e hoʻohui ana i ka ʻimi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka ʻoihana petrochemical.
Loaʻa iā Exxon a me Mobil ke keʻena nui ma Houston, ke keʻena o lalo ma Fairfax, a me ke keʻena ʻoihana ma Irving, Texas.Loaʻa iā Exxon ka 70% o ka hui a iā Mobil ka 30%.ʻO Exxonmobil, ma o kāna mau hui, ke hana nei i kēia manawa ma kahi o 200 mau ʻāina a me nā panalāʻau a puni ka honua a hoʻohana ma mua o 80,000 poʻe.
ʻO nā huahana nui o Exxonmobil ka aila a me ke kinoea, nā meaʻaila a me nā huahana petrochemical,ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka olefins monomer a me ka polyolefin mea hana, me ka ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene;Na ExxonMobil Chemical ka ʻoihana catalysts.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Exxonmobil Chemical i ʻehā mau ʻāpana ʻoihana: polymers, polymer films, nā huahana kemika a me nā ʻenehana, a me nā catalysts no ka ʻenehana ʻenehana.
UNIVATION, he 50-50 hui hui ma waena o ExxonMobil a me Dow Chemical Company, nona ka UNIPOL™ polyethylene production technology a me ka UCAT™ a me XCAT™ branded polyolefin catalysts.
5. UOP Global Oil Products Company
Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1914 a he poʻo nui ma Desprine, Illinois, ʻo Global Oil Products kahi hui honua.Ma ka lā 30 o Nowemapa, 2005, ua lilo ʻo UOP i lālā nona piha o Honeywell ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana hoʻolālā kūikawā a Honeywell.
Hoʻohana ʻo UOP i ʻewalu mau ʻāpana: ka ikehu hou a me nā Chemical, adsorbents, specialty and custom products, petroleum refining, Aromatics and derivatives, linear alkyl benzene and advanced olefins, Light olefins and equipment, natural gas processing, and services.
Hāʻawi ʻo UOP i ka hoʻolālā, ʻenekinia, nā lawelawe kūkākūkā, nā laikini a me nā lawelawe, ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana a me ka hana ʻana o nā catalysts, nā kānana molecular, adsorbents a me nā mea hana kūikawā no ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, petrochemical a me nā ʻoihana hoʻoponopono kinoea maoli, me nā laikini ʻenehana 65 i loaʻa.
ʻO UOP ka zeolite nui loa a me ka alumini phosphate zeolite mea hoʻolako me nā huahana zeolite ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā huahana o ke kinoea refinery a me nā mea wai.Hiki i ka 70,000 tons ka mana hana makahiki o ka sieve molecular.Ma ke kahua o ka molecular sieve adsorbents, ua paʻa ʻo UOP i 70% o ka māhele mākeke honua.
ʻO UOP ka mea hana nui loa o ka alumina ma ka honua, me nā huahana e like me pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina a me α-alumina, e hāʻawi ana i nā alumina hoʻāla a me nā alumini / silica-aluminum spherical carriers.
Ua ʻoi aku ka UOP ma mua o 9,000 mau patent a puni ka honua a ua kūkulu ʻo ia ma kahi o 4,000 mau polokalamu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau patent ma mua o 80 mau ʻāina.He kanaono pākēneka o ka ʻaila o ka honua i hana ʻia me ka ʻenehana UOP.Ma kahi kokoke i ka hapalua o nā mea holoi biodegradable o ka honua i hana ʻia me ka ʻenehana UOP.ʻO nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui 36 i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana ʻaila, 31 i hoʻomohala ʻia e UOP.I kēia manawa, hana ʻo UOP ma kahi o 100 catalyst like ʻole a me nā huahana adsorbent no kāna ʻenehana laikini a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā māla e like me ka reforming, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining a me ka oxidative desulphurization, a me nā māla petrochemical me ka hana ʻana o nā mea ʻala. (benzene, toluene a me xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene a me cyclohexane.
UOP nui catalysts: catalytic reforming catalyst, C4 isomerization catalyst, C5 a me C6 isomerization catalyst, xylene isomerization catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst he elua mau ano o ka hydrocracking a me ka ha'aha'a hydrocracking, hydrotreating catalyst, aila desulfurization agent, sulfur recovery, huelo kinoea hoololi a me kekahi aila. hoʻomaʻemaʻe adsorbents.
6, ART hui ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe holomua ʻAmelika
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Advanced Refining Technologies ma 2001 ma ke ʻano he 50-50 hui hui ma waena o Chevron Oil Products a me Grace-Davidson.Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ART no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ikaika ʻenehana o Grace a me Chevron e hoʻomohala a kūʻai aku i nā catalysts hydrogenation i ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe honua, a ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka hydrogenation catalyst producer, hāʻawi ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ka hydrogenation catalysts o ka honua.
Hoʻopili ʻo ART i kāna mau huahana a me nā lawelawe ma o nā keʻena kūʻai a me nā keʻena o Grace Corporation a me Chevron Corporation ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa iā ART ʻehā mau mea kanu catalyst a me hoʻokahi kikowaena noiʻi catalyst.Hana ʻo ART i nā catalysts no ka hydrocracking, mild hydrocracking, isomerization dewaxing, isomerization reforming a me hydrofining.
ʻO nā catalysts nui ka Isocracking® no ka isomerization, Isofinishing® no ka isomerization, hydrocracking, mild hydrocracking, hydrofining, hydrotreating, koena hydrotreating.
7. Univation Inc
ʻO Univation, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1997 a i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Houston, Texas, he 50:50 hui hui ma waena o ExxonMobil Chemical Company a me Dow Chemical Company.
Hoʻolaha kūikawā ʻo Univation i ka hoʻoili ʻana o UNIPOL™ fumed polyethylene ʻenehana a me nā catalysts, a ʻo ia ka laikini ʻenehana alakaʻi o ka honua a me ka mea hoʻolako honua i nā catalysts no ka ʻoihana polyethylene.ʻO ia ka lua o ka mea hana nui a me ka mea hoʻolako polyethylene catalysts, helu no 30% o ka mākeke honua.Hana ʻia nā catalysts o ka hui ma kāna mau hale Mont Belvieu, Seadrift a me Freeport ma Texas.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana polyethylene o Univation, i kapa ʻia ʻo UNIPOL™, aia i kēia manawa ma mua o 100 mau laina hana polyethylene e hana ana a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana me ka UNIPOL™ ma 25 mau ʻāina, ʻoi aku ma mua o 25% o ka nui o ka honua.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika nui: 1) UCAT™ chromium catalyst a me Ziegler-Natta catalyst;2) XCAT™ metallocene catalyst, inoa kalepa EXXPOL;3)PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst;4) UT™ deaeration catalyst.
8. BASF
Aia ke keʻena nui ma Munich, Kelemānia, ʻo BASF kekahi o nā hui kemika hoʻohui nui loa o ka honua me nā huahana ʻoi aku ma mua o 8,000, me nā kemika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohui ʻia, plastics, dyes, nā uhi kaʻa, nā mea mālama mea kanu, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kemika maikaʻi, ka aila a me ke kinoea.
ʻO Basf ka mea hana nui loa o ka maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam a me foamed styrene.ʻO Polypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl alcohol a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i helu ʻia ma ka honua;ʻO Ethylbenzene, ka mana hana styrene i ke kolu o ka honua.ʻO Basf kekahi o nā mea hoʻolako meaʻai nui loa o ka honua, me nā mono-vitamins, multivitamins, carotenoids, lysines, enzymes a me nā mea mālama hānai.
He ʻeono mau ʻāpana ʻoihana ʻokoʻa ʻo Basf: Chemical, Plastics, Functional Solutions, Performance Products, Agrochemicals and Oil & Gas.
ʻO Basf wale nō ka hui ma ka honua e uhi ana i ka ʻoihana catalyst holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻoi aku o 200 mau ʻano catalysts.ʻO ia ka mea nui: ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila (FCC catalyst), automotive catalyst, chemical catalyst (copper chromium catalyst a me ruthenium catalyst, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
ʻO Basf ka lua o ka honua i hana nui i nā catalysts FCC, me ka 12% o ka māhele mākeke honua no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe catalysts.
9. BP Hui Aila Beritania
ʻO BP kekahi o nā hui ʻaila multinational i hoʻohui ʻia i luna a i lalo o ka honua, ke keʻena nui ma Lākana, UK;ʻO ka ʻoihana o ka hui e uhi ana ma mua o 100 mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana, me ka ʻimi ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me ka hana ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke kūʻai aku, ka ikehu hou ʻekolu mau wahi nui;Ua māhele ʻia ʻo BP i ʻekolu mau ʻoihana: ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka aila a me ke kinoea, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe (ka ikehu hou a me ka moana).ʻO ka ʻoihana catalysts a BP he ʻāpana o ka Māhele Hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke Kelepa.
Loaʻa nā huahana Petrochemical i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, ʻo ka ʻāpana mua he mea ʻala a me nā huahana acetic acid series, ʻo ia hoʻi me PTA, PX a me ka acetic acid;ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua he olefins a me kā lākou mau mea i loaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka ethylene, propylene a me nā huahana derivative downstream.ʻO ka PTA o BP (ka mea waiwai nui no ka hana ʻana i ka polyester), PX (ke kumu kumu kumu no ka hana ʻana o PTA) a me ka mana hana acetic acid i ka pae mua ma ka honua.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo BP i kahi ʻenehana ponoʻī no ka hana PX e pili ana i kāna ʻenehana isomerization proprietary ponoʻī a me ka ʻenehana crystallization maikaʻi.Loaʻa iā BP kahi ʻenehana patented alakaʻi no ka hana ʻana o Cativa® acetic acid.
Aia ka ʻoihana olefins a me nā derivatives o BP ma Kina a me Malaysia.
10, Sud-Chemie German Southern Chemical Company
ʻIke ʻia i ka makahiki 1857, ʻo ka Southern Chemical Company kahi hui ʻoihana kūikawā multinational hou i helu ʻia me nā makahiki he 150 o ka mōʻaukala, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Munich, Kelemānia.
ʻO Nanfang Chemical Company pololei a i ʻole ʻole ʻia ka huina o 77 mau hui hui, me 5 mau hui kūloko ma Kelemānia, 72 mau hui ʻē aʻe, kēlā me kēia no ka adsorbent a me catalyst ʻelua mau māhele, no ka petrochemical, ka hana ʻai, nā mea kūʻai aku, ka hoʻolei ʻana, ka mālama wai, palekana kaiapuni a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i ka catalyst hana kiʻekiʻe, adsorbent a me nā huahana additive a me nā hopena.
ʻO ka ʻoihana catalyst o Nanfang Chemical Company no ka Catalyst Division.Aia ka mahele o Catalyst Technology, Energy and Environment.
Ua māhele ʻia ka māhele ʻenehana Catalyst i ʻehā mau pūʻulu pāʻoihana honua: nā catalysts reaction reactions, petrochemical catalysts, oil refining catalysts a me polymerization catalysts.
ʻO nā ʻano catalyst o Nanfang Chemical ka mea nui: ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe maka, petroka mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika, ka ʻaila hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, ka hoʻoheheʻe polymerization olefin, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wahie.
'Ōlelo Aʻo: I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa ʻia e Clariant ka Southern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie)!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-17-2023
