Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe honua, ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā huahana aila, a me ka piʻi mau ʻana o ka noi no nā mea kemika, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts e ulu mau ana. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ulu wikiwiki loa i nā ʻoihana hou a me nā ʻāina ulu.
Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā mea maka, nā huahana a me nā hale hana o kēlā me kēia refinery, no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts i manaʻo ʻia e kiʻi i ka huahana kūpono a i ʻole nā mea waiwai kemika, ke koho ʻana o nā catalysts me ka adaptability maikaʻi a i ʻole ke koho koho hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o nā refineries like ʻole a nā mea like ʻole.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma Asia Pacific, Africa a me ka Middle East, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā catalysts āpau, me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, polymerization, chemical synthesis, etc.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hydrogenation ʻaila ka mea nui loa, ukali ʻia e ka hydrogenation distillate waena, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, naphtha hydrogenation, ʻaila kaumaha (koe aila) hydrogenation, alkylation (superposition), reforming, etc., a me nā mea e pili ana. E piʻi pū ka noi catalyst e like me ia.
Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa hoʻohana ʻokoʻa o nā catalysts hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o nā catalysts hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki. Wahi a nā helu kūʻai kūʻai mākeke, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku he hydrogenation catalysts (hydrotreating and hydrocracking, helu no 46% o ka huina), ukali ʻia e FCC catalysts (40%), ukali ʻia e ka reforming catalysts (8%), alkylation catalysts (5%). a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (1%).
Eia nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā catalysts mai nā ʻoihana kaulana honua:
10 mau hui catalyst kaulana i ka honua
1. Grace Davison, USA
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Grace Corporation i ka makahiki 1854 a aia ʻo ia ma Columbia, Maryland. ʻO Grace Davidson ke alakaʻi honua i ka noiʻi a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe FCC a ʻo ia ka mea hoʻolako nui loa o ka honua i ka FCC a me ka hydrogenation catalysts.
Loaʻa i ka hui ʻelua mau ʻāpana hana ʻoihana honua, ʻo Grace Davison a me Grace Specialty Chemicals, a me ʻewalu mau māhele huahana. ʻO ka ʻoihana a Grace Davidson ka FCC catalysts, hydrotreating catalysts, speciality catalysts me nā polyolefin catalysts a me nā mea lawe catalyst, a me nā mea hana ʻenekinia ma muli o ke silika a i ʻole silical-aluminum-based no ka uhi ʻana i ka media kikohoʻe ma nā pepa paʻi ʻenehana, mea kūʻai, a me ka inkjet. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana hydrotreating catalyst e ART, kahi hui ʻoihana hui.
2, Albemarle ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ALbemarle).
I ka makahiki 1887, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Arbel Paper Company ma Richmond, Virginia.
I ka makahiki 2004, ua loaʻa ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo Akzo-Nobel Oil, ua komo ma ke kahua o nā catalysts hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, a ua hoʻokumu i ka ʻoihana catalyst me nā polyolefin catalysts; E lilo i ka lua o ka nui loa o ka FCC catalyst mea hana ma ka honua.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu hana 20 ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa, Middle East, ʻAmelika Hema, Iapana a me Kina.
Loaʻa iā Arpels nā kikowaena R&D 8 ma 5 mau ʻāina a me nā keʻena kūʻai aku ma mua o 40 mau ʻāina. ʻO ia ka mea hana nui loa o ka honua i nā brominated flame retardants, e uhi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea uila, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā huahana mahiʻai, nā ʻoihana kaʻa, ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā mea hoʻopili.
ʻO ka ʻoihana nui nā mea hoʻohui polymer, catalysts a me ke kemika maikaʻi ʻekolu ʻāpana.
ʻEhā ʻano nui o nā mea hoʻohui polymer: nā mea pale ahi, antioxidants, curing agents a me stabilizers;
ʻEkolu ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana Catalyst: hoʻomaʻemaʻe catalyst, polyolefin catalyst, chemical catalyst;
ʻO nā kinikini maikaʻi loa: nā kemika hana (pena, alumina), nā kemika maikaʻi (nā kemika bromine, nā kemika ʻaila) a me nā mea waena (lāʻau lapaʻau, pesticides).
Ma waena o nā ʻāpana pāʻoihana ʻekolu o ka hui ʻo Alpels, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai makahiki o nā mea hoʻohui polymer i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui loa, ukali ʻia e nā catalysts, a ʻo ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai aku o nā kinikona maikaʻi ka liʻiliʻi loa, akā i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala iho nei, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai makahiki o ka catalyst. Ua piʻi mālie ka ʻoihana, a mai ka makahiki 2008, ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka ʻoihana hoʻohui polymer.
ʻO ka ʻoihana Catalyst ka māhele ʻoihana nui o Arpell. ʻO Arpels ka lua o ka mea hoʻolako hydrotreating catalysts (30% o ka māhele mākeke honua) a ʻo kekahi o nā mea hoʻolako catalytic cracking catalyst kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua.
3. Dow Chemical
ʻO Dow Chemical kahi hui kemika like ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Michigan, USA, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1897 e Herbert Henry Dow. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i 214 mau kahua hana ma 37 mau ʻāina, me nā ʻano huahana ʻoi aku ma mua o 5,000, hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā kahua ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 e like me nā kaʻa, nā mea kūkulu hale, ka uila, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma 2009, ua helu ʻo Dow i ka 127th ma ka Fortune Global 500 a me 34th ma ka Fortune National 500. Ma ke ʻano o ka nui o nā waiwai, ʻo ia ka lua o ka hui kemika nui loa ma ka honua, ʻelua wale nō iā DuPont Chemical o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa; Ma ke ʻano o ka loaʻa kālā makahiki, ʻo ia nō ka lua o ka hui kemika nui loa ma ka honua, ma hope o ka BASF o Kelemania; ʻOi aku ma mua o 46,000 mau limahana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa; Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i 7 mau ʻāpana ʻoihana e ke ʻano huahana: Functional Plastics, Functional Chemical, Agricultural Science, Plastics, Basic Chemicals, Hydrocarbons and Energy, Venture Capital. ʻO ka ʻoihana Catalysts kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana Functional Chemicals.
Aia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a Dow: NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst; METEOR™ catalyst no ka ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; SHAC™ a me SHAC™ ADT polypropylene catalysts; DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol He mea hoʻoheheʻe; ʻO ia ka mea hana nui o ka honua i nā polypropylene catalysts.
4. ExxonMobil
ʻO Exxonmobil ka hui aila nui loa ma ka honua, aia ma Texas, USA. ʻO ka hui, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo Exxon Corporation a me Mobil Corporation, ua hoʻohui ʻia a hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia ma Nowemapa 30, 1999. ʻO ka hui ʻo ia ka hui makua o ExxonMobil, Mobil a me Esso ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1882, ʻo Exxon ka hui ʻaila nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻoihana ʻaila nui a kahiko loa ma ka honua. ʻIke ʻia ma 1882, ʻo Mobil Corporation kahi hui multinational piha e hoʻohui ana i ka ʻimi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka ʻoihana petrochemical.
Loaʻa iā Exxon a me Mobil ke keʻena nui ma Houston, ke keʻena o lalo ma Fairfax, a me ke keʻena ʻoihana ma Irving, Texas. Loaʻa iā Exxon ka 70% o ka hui a iā Mobil ka 30%. ʻO Exxonmobil, ma o kāna mau hui, ke hana nei i kēia manawa ma kahi o 200 mau ʻāina a me nā panalāʻau a puni ka honua a hoʻohana ma mua o 80,000 poʻe.
ʻO nā huahana nui o Exxonmobil ka aila a me ke kinoea, nā meaʻaila a me nā huahana petrochemical,ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka olefins monomer a me ka polyolefin mea hana, me ka ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene; Na ExxonMobil Chemical ka ʻoihana catalysts. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Exxonmobil Chemical i ʻehā mau ʻāpana ʻoihana: polymers, polymer films, nā huahana kemika a me nā ʻenehana, a me nā catalysts no ka ʻenehana ʻenehana.
UNIVATION, he 50-50 hui hui ma waena o ExxonMobil a me Dow Chemical Company, nona ka UNIPOL™ polyethylene production technology a me ka UCAT™ a me XCAT™ branded polyolefin catalysts.
5. UOP Global Oil Products Company
Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1914 a he poʻo nui ma Desprine, Illinois, ʻo Global Oil Products kahi hui honua. Ma ka lā 30 o Nowemapa, 2005, ua lilo ʻo UOP i lālā nona piha o Honeywell ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana hoʻolālā kūikawā a Honeywell.
Hoʻohana ʻo UOP i ʻewalu mau ʻāpana: ka ikehu hou a me nā Chemical, adsorbents, specialty and custom products, petroleum refining, Aromatics and derivatives, linear alkyl benzene and advanced olefins, Light olefins and equipment, natural gas processing, and services.
Hāʻawi ʻo UOP i ka hoʻolālā, ʻenekinia, nā lawelawe kūkākūkā, nā laikini a me nā lawelawe, ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana a me ka hana ʻana o nā catalysts, nā kānana molecular, adsorbents a me nā mea hana kūikawā no ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, petrochemical a me nā ʻoihana hoʻoponopono kinoea maoli, me nā laikini ʻenehana 65 i loaʻa.
ʻO UOP ka zeolite nui loa a me ka alumini phosphate zeolite mea hoʻolako me nā huahana zeolite ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā huahana o ke kinoea refinery a me nā mea wai. Hiki i ka 70,000 tons ka mana hana makahiki o ka sieve molecular. Ma ke kahua o ka molecular sieve adsorbents, ua paʻa ʻo UOP i 70% o ka māhele mākeke honua.
ʻO UOP nō hoʻi ka mea hana nui loa o ka honua i ka alumina, me nā huahana me ka pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina a me α-alumina, e hāʻawi ana i ka alumina hoʻāla a me ka alumini / silica-aluminum spherical lawe.
Ua ʻoi aku ka UOP ma mua o 9,000 mau patent a puni ka honua a ua kūkulu ʻo ia ma kahi o 4,000 mau polokalamu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau patent ma mua o 80 mau ʻāina. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana UOP he kanaono pākēneka o ka ʻaila honua. Ma kahi kokoke i ka hapalua o nā mea holoi biodegradable o ka honua i hana ʻia me ka ʻenehana UOP. ʻO nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui 36 i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana ʻaila, 31 i hoʻomohala ʻia e UOP. I kēia manawa, hana ʻo UOP ma kahi o 100 catalyst like ʻole a me nā huahana adsorbent no kāna ʻenehana laikini a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā māla e like me ka reforming, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining a me oxidative desulphurization, a me nā māla petrochemical me ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻala. (benzene, toluene a me xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene a me cyclohexane.
UOP nui catalysts: catalytic reforming catalyst, C4 isomerization catalyst, C5 a me C6 isomerization catalyst, xylene isomerization catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst he elua mau ano o ka hydrocracking a me ka ha'aha'a hydrocracking, hydrotreating catalyst, aila desulfurization agent, sulfur recovery, huelo kinoea hoololi a me kekahi aila. hoʻomaʻemaʻe adsorbents.
6, ART hui ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe holomua ʻAmelika
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Advanced Refining Technologies ma 2001 ma ke ʻano he 50-50 hui hui ma waena o Chevron Oil Products a me Grace-Davidson. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ART no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ikaika ʻenehana o Grace a me Chevron e hoʻomohala a kūʻai aku i nā catalysts hydrogenation i ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe honua, a ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka hydrogenation catalyst producer, hāʻawi ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ka hydrogenation catalysts o ka honua.
Hoʻopili ʻo ART i kāna mau huahana a me nā lawelawe ma o nā keʻena kūʻai a me nā keʻena o Grace Corporation a me Chevron Corporation ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa iā ART ʻehā mau mea kanu catalyst a me hoʻokahi kikowaena noiʻi catalyst. Hana ʻo ART i nā catalysts no ka hydrocracking, mild hydrocracking, isomerization dewaxing, isomerization reforming a me hydrofining.
ʻO nā catalysts nui ka Isocracking® no ka isomerization, Isofinishing® no ka isomerization, hydrocracking, mild hydrocracking, hydrofining, hydrotreating, koena hydrotreating.
7. Univation Inc
ʻO Univation, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1997 a i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Houston, Texas, he 50:50 hui hui ma waena o ExxonMobil Chemical Company a me Dow Chemical Company.
Hoʻolaha kūikawā ʻo Univation i ka hoʻoili ʻana o UNIPOL™ fumed polyethylene ʻenehana a me nā catalysts, a ʻo ia ka laikini ʻenehana alakaʻi o ka honua a me ka mea hoʻolako honua i nā catalysts no ka ʻoihana polyethylene. ʻO ia ka lua o ka mea hana nui a me ka mea hoʻolako polyethylene catalysts, helu no 30% o ka mākeke honua. Hana ʻia nā catalysts o ka hui ma kāna mau hale Mont Belvieu, Seadrift a me Freeport ma Texas.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana polyethylene o Univation, i kapa ʻia ʻo UNIPOL™, aia i kēia manawa ma mua o 100 mau laina hana polyethylene e hana ana a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana me ka UNIPOL™ ma 25 mau ʻāina, ʻoi aku ma mua o 25% o ka nui o ka honua.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika nui: 1) UCAT™ chromium catalyst a me Ziegler-Natta catalyst; 2) XCAT™ metallocene catalyst, inoa kalepa EXXPOL; 3)PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) UT™ deaeration catalyst.
8. BASF
Aia ke keʻena nui ma Munich, Kelemānia, ʻo BASF kekahi o nā hui kemika hoʻohui nui loa o ka honua me nā huahana ʻoi aku ma mua o 8,000, me nā kemika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohui ʻia, plastics, dyes, nā uhi kaʻa, nā mea mālama mea kanu, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kemika maikaʻi, ka aila a me ke kinoea.
ʻO Basf ka mea hana nui loa o ka maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam a me foamed styrene. Polypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl alcohol a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i helu ʻia ma ka honua; ʻO Ethylbenzene, ka mana hana styrene ke kūlana kolu ma ka honua. ʻO Basf kekahi o nā mea hoʻolako meaʻai nui loa o ka honua, me nā mono-vitamins, multivitamins, carotenoids, lysines, enzymes a me nā mea mālama hānai.
He ʻeono ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻokoʻa ʻo Basf: Kemika, Plastics, Functional Solutions, Performance Products, Agrochemicals and Oil & Gas.
ʻO Basf wale nō ka hui ma ka honua e uhi ana i ka ʻoihana catalyst holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻoi aku o 200 mau ʻano catalysts. ʻO ia ka mea nui: ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila (FCC catalyst), automotive catalyst, chemical catalyst (copper chromium catalyst a me ruthenium catalyst, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
ʻO Basf ka lua o ka honua i hana nui i nā catalysts FCC, me ka 12% o ka māhele mākeke honua no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe catalysts.
9. BP Hui Aila Beritania
ʻO BP kekahi o nā hui ʻaila multinational i hoʻohui ʻia i luna a i lalo o ka honua, ke keʻena nui ma Lākana, UK; ʻO ka ʻoihana o ka hui e uhi ana ma mua o 100 mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana, me ka ʻimi ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me ka hana ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke kūʻai aku, ka ikehu hou ʻekolu mau wahi nui; Ua māhele ʻia ʻo BP i ʻekolu mau ʻoihana: ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka aila a me ke kinoea, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe (ka ikehu hou a me ka moana). ʻO ka ʻoihana catalysts a BP he ʻāpana o ka Māhele Hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke Kelepa.
Loaʻa nā huahana Petrochemical i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, ʻo ka ʻāpana mua he mea ʻala a me nā huahana acetic acid series, ʻo ia hoʻi me PTA, PX a me ka acetic acid; ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua he olefins a me kā lākou mau mea i loaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka ethylene, propylene a me nā huahana derivative downstream. ʻO ka PTA o BP (ke kumu kumu nui no ka hana ʻana i ka polyester), PX (ke kumu kumu kumu no ka hana ʻana o PTA) a me ka mana hana acetic acid i ka pae mua ma ka honua. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo BP i kahi ʻenehana ponoʻī no ka hana PX e pili ana i kāna mea ponoʻī isomerization catalyst a me ka ʻenehana crystallization maikaʻi. Loaʻa iā BP kahi ʻenehana patented alakaʻi no ka hana ʻana o Cativa® acetic acid.
Aia ka ʻoihana olefins a me nā derivatives o BP ma Kina a me Malaysia.
10, Sud-Chemie German Southern Chemical Company
ʻIke ʻia i ka makahiki 1857, ʻo ka Southern Chemical Company kahi hui ʻoihana kūikawā multinational hou i helu ʻia me nā makahiki he 150 o ka mōʻaukala, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Munich, Kelemānia.
Na Nanfang Chemical Company pololei a indirectly nona ka huina o 77 hui hui, me 5 home hui ma Germany, 72 haole hui, pakahi i ka adsorbent a me ka catalyst elua mahele, no ka petrochemical, meaʻai kaʻina hana, consumer waiwai, hoolei, wai mālama, palekana kaiapuni a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i ka catalyst hana kiʻekiʻe, adsorbent a me nā huahana additive a me nā hopena.
ʻO ka ʻoihana catalyst o Nanfang Chemical Company no ka Catalyst Division. Aia ka mahele o Catalyst Technology, Energy and Environment.
Ua māhele ʻia ka māhele ʻenehana Catalyst i ʻehā mau pūʻulu pāʻoihana honua: nā catalysts reaction reactions, petrochemical catalysts, oil refining catalysts a me polymerization catalysts.
ʻO nā ʻano catalyst o Nanfang Chemical ka mea nui: ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe maka, petroka mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe polymerization olefin, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wahie.
'Ōlelo Aʻo: I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa ʻia e Clariant ka Southern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie)!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-17-2023
