NĀ MEA HOʻOMOHALA MINELA, NĀ MEA KĀNANA, A ME NĀ MEA HOʻOMALOʻO
ʻO nā kānana molekala he mau aluminosilicate metala crystalline me kahi pūnaewele hoʻohui ʻekolu-dimensional o ka silica a me ka alumina tetrahedra. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka wai kūlohelohe o ka hydration mai kēia pūnaewele ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana e hana i nā lua like e hoʻopili koho ana i nā molekala o kahi nui kikoʻī.
Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kahi kānana 4 a 8-mesh i nā noi gasphase, ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano 8 a 12-mesh ka mea maʻamau i nā noi liquidphase. ʻO nā ʻano pauka o nā kānana 3A, 4A, 5A a me 13X he kūpono no nā noi kūikawā.
Ua ʻike ʻia no ko lākou hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo (a hiki i 90 °C), ua hōʻike koke nā kānana molekala i ka pono i nā kaʻina hana organik synthetic, e ʻae pinepine ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā huahana i makemake ʻia mai nā hopena condensation i hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kaulike maikaʻi ʻole. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau zeolites synthetic e wehe i ka wai, nā alcohols (me ka methanol a me ka ethanol), a me HCl mai nā ʻōnaehana e like me ketimine a me enamine syntheses, ester condensations, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā unsaturated aldehydes i polyenals.
| ʻAno | 3A |
| Hoʻonohonoho ʻana | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2: x H2O |
| Wehewehena | Hana ʻia ke ʻano 3A ma ke pani ʻana i nā cation potassium no nā ion sodium kūlohelohe o ka ʻano 4A, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka pore kūpono i ~3Å, koe naʻe ke anawaena >3Å, e laʻa, ethane. |
| Nā Hoʻohana Nui | ʻO ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā kahawai hydrocarbon unsaturated, me ke kinoea i haki ʻia, propylene, butadiene, acetylene; ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā wai polar e like me ka methanol a me ka ethanol. ʻO ka adsorption o nā molekala e like me NH3 a me H2O mai ke kahe ʻana o N2/H2. Manaʻo ʻia he mea hoʻomaloʻo maʻamau i nā media polar a me nonpolar. |
| ʻAno | 4A |
| Hoʻonohonoho ʻana | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Wehewehena | Hōʻike kēia ʻano sodium i ka ʻohana ʻano A o nā sieve molekala. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka pore kūpono he 4Å, no laila ke kāpae nei i nā molekala o ke anawaena kūpono >4Å, e laʻa, propane. |
| Nā Hoʻohana Nui | Makemake ʻia no ka dehydration static i loko o nā ʻōnaehana wai a kinoea paʻa paha, e like me, i loko o ka ʻōpala o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā ʻāpana uila a me nā kemika palaho; ka hoʻoheheʻe wai i loko o nā ʻōnaehana paʻi a me nā plastics a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā kahawai hydrocarbon saturated. ʻO nā ʻano i hoʻopili ʻia e komo pū me SO2, CO2, H2S, C2H4, C2H6, a me C3H6. Manaʻo nui ʻia he mea hoʻomaloʻo honua i nā media polar a me nonpolar. |
| ʻAno | 5A |
| Hoʻonohonoho ʻana | 0.80 CaO : 0.20 Na2O : 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Wehewehena | Hāʻawi nā iona calcium divalent ma kahi o nā cation sodium i nā puka o ~ 5Å e kāpae ana i nā molekala o ke anawaena kūpono > 5Å, e laʻa, nā apo 4-carbon āpau, a me nā hui iso. |
| Nā Hoʻohana Nui | Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā paraffins maʻamau mai nā hydrocarbons kaulahao lālā a me nā cyclic; ka wehe ʻana o H2S, CO2 a me nā mercaptans mai ke kinoea kūlohelohe. ʻO nā molekole i hoʻopili ʻia e komo pū me nC4H10, nC4H9OH, C3H8 a i C22H46, a me dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| ʻAno | 13X |
| Hoʻonohonoho ʻana | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3 : 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2 : xH2O |
| Wehewehena | Hōʻike ke ʻano sodium i ke ʻano kumu o ka ʻohana ʻano X, me kahi wehe ʻana o ka pore kūpono ma ka pae 910¼. ʻAʻole e adsorb (C4F9)3N, no ka laʻana. |
| Nā Hoʻohana Nui | Ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ke kinoea kalepa, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hānai mea kanu ea (ka wehe ʻana i ka H2O a me ka CO2 i ka manawa like) a me ka hoʻomāʻona ʻana i ka hydrocarbon wai/kinoea kūlohelohe (ka wehe ʻana i ka H2S a me ka mercaptan). |
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-16-2023
